Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
In
this chapter, the researchers present the data, analysis and
interpretation of findings. Discussion of topics is arranged in the
following subheadings: Profile of the Respondents; Level of Awareness of
the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation; and Significance of the
Difference in the Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill Effects of
Radiation When They are Grouped by Gender; Age and Educational
Attainment
Profile of the Respondents
Presented
in Table 1 is the profile of the respondents. There are a total of 400
respondents and 182 or 45.50 percent are male and 218 or 54.50 percent
are female. The number of female is more than the male because most of
the surveys were conducted in schools wherein the population is
dominated by female.
In
the age bracket, respondents under the age range of 10-20 years old
comprised the 39.75 percent or 159 respondents, 21 – 30 years old
comprised 40.25 percent or 161 respondents, 31-40 years old comprised
10.00 percent or 40 respondents, 41 – 50 years old comprised 6.25
percent or 25 respondents and 51-60 years old comprised 3.75 percent of
15 respondents.
Table 1
Profile of the Respondents
Profile
|
Frequency
|
Percent
| |
Gender
|
Male
|
182
|
45.50
|
Female
|
218
|
54.50
| |
Age
|
10-20
|
159
|
39.75
|
21-30
|
161
|
40.25
| |
31-40
|
40
|
10.00
| |
41-50
|
25
|
6.25
| |
51-60
|
15
|
3.75
| |
Educational Attainment
|
High School
|
90
|
22.50
|
College
|
289
|
72.25
| |
Post Graduate
|
21
|
5.25
| |
Total
|
400
|
100
| |
The
two age brackets, 10-20 years old and 21-30 years old shared the most
of the number of surveyed respondents with 80.00 percent or 320
respondents because most of them belong to college level which is the
most number of respondents in terms of educational attainment.
Educational
attainment of the respondents was categorized into three levels, High
school, College, and those belong to the post graduate studies such as
the Master’s degree and Doctorate Degree. High school comprised the
22.50 percent or 90 respondents, college comprised 72.25 percent or 289
respondents and Post Graduates comprised 5.25 percent or 21 respondents.
Most
of the respondents are female equivalent to 54.50 percent; those under
the age range between 21 to 30 years equivalent to 40.25; and college
level equivalent to 72.25 percent.
Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation
Health. Presented
in Table 2 is the level of awareness of the public on the ill effects
of radiation in terms of health. The public manifested a high level of
awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to continuous and
prolonged exposure to radiation emitted by laptop computers and computer power supply (UPS), and printers which may cause
or contribute to various health problems, ranging from sleep
interference and allergic reactions, through heart disease, cancer and
Alzheimer’s disease with a mean score of 3.81.
The
public manifested a high level of awareness on the ill effects of
radiation due to continuous and prolonged exposure to computer monitors
and television which may cause or contribute to various health problems with a mean score of 3.74.
Table 2
Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation in Terms of Health
Health
|
Mean
|
Descriptive Level
|
1. Continuous and prolonged exposure to radiation emitted by laptop computers and computer power supply (UPS), & printers may cause
or contribute to various health problems, ranging from sleep
interference and allergic reactions, through heart disease, cancer and
Alzheimer's disease.
|
3.81
|
High
|
2. Continuous and prolonged exposure to computer monitors and television may cause or contribute to various health problems such as stated in item number
|
3.74
|
High
|
3. Continuous and prolonged exposure to radiation from wireless networks, routers, and modems may lead to an increased risk of tumors, cancers, miscarriage, insomnia, headaches, anxiety or stress and skin disorders.
|
3.63
|
High
|
4. Continuous and prolonged exposure to radiation from photocopiers and X-ray machines may cause burns, cataracts, damage to the nervous system, and sterility.
|
3.69
|
High
|
5. Continuous and prolonged exposure to microwave oven radiation may cause burns, cataracts, damage to the nervous system, and sterility.
|
3.23
|
Moderate
|
6. Increased ultraviolet radiation from the sun,
which resulted from the continued depletion of the ozone layer, would
lead to a growing number of skin cancers and cataracts and also reduce
the ability of immune systems to respond to infection.
|
3.99
|
High
|
Overall Mean
|
3.68
|
High
|
The public manifested a high level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to continuous and prolonged exposure to radiation from wireless networks, routers, and modems which may
lead to an increased risk of tumors, cancers, miscarriage, insomnia,
headaches, anxiety or stress and skin disorders with a mean score of
3.63.
The public manifested a high level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to continuous
and prolonged exposure to radiation from photocopiers which may cause
burns, cataracts, damage to the nervous system, and sterility with a
mean score of 3.69.
The public manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to continuous
and prolonged exposure to microwave oven radiation may cause burns,
cataracts, damage to the nervous system, and sterility with a mean score
of 3.23.
The
public manifested high level of awareness on the ill effects of
radiation due to increased ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which
resulted from the continued depletion of the ozone layer, which would
lead to a growing number of skin cancers and cataracts and also reduce
the ability of immune systems to respond to infection with a mean score of 3.99.
The
overall mean score of the level of awareness of the public on the ill
effects of radiation in terms of health is 3.68. Therefore, they
manifested a high level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation on
people’s health.
Environment. Presented
in Table 3 is the level of awareness of the public on the ill effects
of radiation in terms of environment. The public manifested a moderate
level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to increased
ultraviolet radiation from the sun, which resulted from the continued
depletion of the ozone layer and could result to the decline of growth
of the world’s oceanic plankton, the base of most marine food chain with
a mean score of 3.24.
The public manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to excessive
ultraviolet radiation from the sun which may harm the embryos of
various types of amphibians in many parts of the world with a mean score
of 3.16.
The
public manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of
radiation from cell phone and other communication towers which may cause migrating birds to fly right into these towers with a mean score of 2.75.
The public manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation which can
trigger genetic changes in the cells of animals which result to their
cells growing out of control which results to cancerous tumors with a
mean score of 2.99.
Table 3
Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation in Terms of Environment
Environment
|
Mean
|
Descriptive Level
|
1. Increased ultraviolet radiation from the sun,
which resulted from the continued depletion of the ozone layer, would
result to the decline of growth of the world’s oceanic plankton, the
base of most marine food chains.
|
3.24
|
Moderate
|
2. Excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun may harm the embryos of various types of amphibians in many parts of the world.
|
3.16
|
Moderate
|
3. Migrating birds have been known to fly right into cell phone and other communications towers. Some blame the radiation emanating from such towers for disorienting the birds and undermining their navigational abilities.
|
2.75
|
Moderate
|
4. Harmful effects of radiation
can trigger genetic changes in the cells of animals which result in
the cells growing out of control which results to cancerous tumors.
|
2.99
|
Moderate
|
5. Harmful effects of radiation can
cause severe cellular damage in seeds which sometimes prevents them
from sprouting and germinating, thus affecting the ability of plants
to reproduce.
|
2.97
|
Moderate
|
6. Radiation can have harmful effects on
plants and trees at high levels and thus results to the weakening of
the seeds, leaves and their natural ability to produce food.
|
3.15
|
Moderate
|
Overall Mean
|
3.04
|
Moderate
|
The public manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation which can
cause severe cellular damage in seeds which sometimes prevents them
from sprouting and germinating, thus affecting the ability of plants to
reproduce with a mean score of 2.97
The public manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation due to its
harmful effects on plants and trees at high levels and thus results to
the weakening of the seeds, leaves and their natural ability to produce
food with a mean score of 3.15.
The
overall mean score of the level of awareness of the public on the ill
effects of radiation in terms of environment is 3.04. Therefore, they
manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation
on the environment.
Summary. Presented
in Table 4 is the summary of the Level of awareness of the public on
the ill effects of radiation both in terms of health and environment and
it shows that most people have high level of awareness on the ill
effects of radiation on health rather than on the ill effects of
radiation to the environment. The overall mean shows that the public
manifested a moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation
in terms of environment with a mean score of 3.36.
The
public manifested moderate level of awareness on the ill effects of
radiation with the mean score of 3.36. However, they revealed high level
of awareness on the ill effects of radiation in terms of health with
the mean score of 3.68 and moderate level of awareness on the ill
effects of radiation in the environment with the mean score of 3.04
respectively.
Table 4
Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation
Indicator
|
Mean
|
Descriptive level
|
Health
|
3.68
|
High
|
Environment
|
3.04
|
Moderate
|
Overall Mean
|
3.36
|
Moderate
|
Significance of the Difference in the Level of Awareness
of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation
When They are Grouped by Gender
Presented
in Table 5 is the significance of the difference in the level of
awareness of the public on the ill effects of radiation when they are
grouped by gender. With health as the indicator, both male and female
respondents manifested high level of awareness with the mean score of
3.63 and 3.72 respectively. The t computed value is 1.184 with
the P value of 0.237 which is greater than 0.05 level of significance.
The result is not significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis. This
implies that both male and female respondents reveal equal level of
awareness on the ill effects of radiation in terms of health.
Also,
with environment as the indicator, both male and female respondents
manifested moderate level of awareness with the mean score of 2.96 and
3.11 respectively. The t computed value is 1.585 with the P value
of 0.114 which is greater than 0.05 level of significance. The result
is not significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis. This implies
that both male and female respondents reveal equal level of awareness on
the ill effects of radiation in terms of environment.
The
overall result reveals that both male and female respondents manifested
moderate level of awareness on health and environment with a mean score
of 3.30 and 3.41 respectively. The overall t computed value is 1.754 and the P value of 0.080 which is greater than 0.05 level of significance.
Table 5
Significance
of the Difference in the Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill
Effects of Radiation When They are Grouped by Gender
Indicator
|
Gender
|
t- value
|
P value
|
Decision on Ho
| |
Male
|
Female
| ||||
Health
|
3.63
|
3.72
|
1.184
|
0.237
|
Accept
|
Environment
|
2.96
|
3.11
|
1.585
|
0.114
|
Accept
|
Overall
|
3.30
|
3.41
|
1.754
|
0.080
|
Accept
|
The
result is not significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis. This
implies that the respondents reveal equal level of awareness in the ill
effects of radiation in terms of both the environment and health when
they are grouped by gender.
Significance of the Difference in the Level of Awareness
of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation
When They are Grouped by Age
Presented
in Table 6 is the significance of the difference in the level of
awareness of the public on the ill effects of radiation when they are
grouped by age. With health as the indicator, 10-20 years old, 21-30
years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old and 51-60 years old
respondents manifested high level of awareness with a mean score of
3.65, 3.74, 3.60, 3.58 and 3.77 respectively. The F computed value is 0.616 with the P value
of 0.652 which is greater than 0.05 level of significance. The result
is not significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis. This implies
that 10 - 60 year old respondents reveal equal level of awareness on the
ill effects of radiation in terms of health.
With
environment as the indicator, 10-20 years old, 21-30 years old, 31-40
years old and 41-50 years old manifested moderate level of awareness
with mean score of 3.20, 2.88, 2.74 and 3.07 respectively while 51-60
years old manifested high level of awareness with mean score of 3.74.
The F computed value is 5.349 with the P value of 0.000 which is lower than 0.05 level of significance. The result is significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis.
Table 6
Significance
of the Difference in the Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill
Effects of Radiation When They are Grouped by Age
Indicator
|
Age
|
F ratio
|
P value
|
Decision on Ho
| ||||
10-20
|
21-30
|
31-40
|
41-50
|
51-60
| ||||
Health
|
3.65
|
3.74
|
3.60
|
3.58
|
3.77
|
0.616
|
0.652
|
Accept
|
Environment
|
3.20
|
2.88
|
2.74
|
3.07
|
3.74
|
5.349
|
0.000
|
Reject
|
Overall
|
3.43
|
3.11
|
3.17
|
3.32
|
3.76
|
2.659
|
0.033
|
Reject
|
This
implies that 10 - 60 year old respondents reveal unequal level of
awareness on the ill effects of radiation in terms of environment.
The
overall result reveals that 10-20 years old, 21-30 years old, 31-40
years old and 41-50 years old manifested moderate level of awareness
with mean score of 3.43, 3.11, 3.17 and 3.32 respectively while 51-60
years old manifested high level of awareness with mean score of 3.76.
The F computed value is 2.659 with the P value of 0.033 which is
lower than 0.05 level of significance. The result is significant in the
acceptance of the hypothesis. This implies that 10 - 60 years old
respondents reveal unequal level of awareness on the ill effects of
radiation in terms of both in health and the environment when they are
grouped by age.
Significance of the Difference in the Level of Awareness
of the Public on the Ill Effects of Radiation
When They are Grouped by Educational Attainment
Presented
in Table 7 is the significance of the difference in the level of
awareness of the public on the ill effects of radiation when they are
grouped by Educational Attainment. With health as the indicator, high
school, college and post graduate respondents manifested high level of
awareness with a mean score of 3.51, 3.70 and 4.14 respectively. The F computed
value is 6.624 with the P value of .001 which is lower than 0.05 level
of significance. The result is significant in the acceptance of the
hypothesis. This implies that high school, college and post graduate
respondents reveal unequal level of awareness on the ill effects of
radiation in terms of health.
Table 7
Significance
of the Difference in the Level of Awareness of the Public on the Ill
Effects of Radiation When They are Grouped According to Educational
Attainment
Indicator
|
Educational Attainment
|
F ratio
|
P value
|
Decision on Ho
| ||
High School
|
College
|
Post Graduate
| ||||
Health
|
3.51
|
3.70
|
4.14
|
6.624
|
0.001
|
Reject
|
Environment
|
2.80
|
3.09
|
3.44
|
4.920
|
0.008
|
Reject
|
Overall
|
3.16
|
3.40
|
3.80
|
8.671
|
0.000
|
Reject
|
With
environment as the indicator, high school, college and post graduate
respondents manifested moderate level of awareness with mean score of
2.80, 3.09 and 3.44 respectively. The F computed value is 4.920
with the P value of .008 which is lower than 0.05 level of significance.
The result is significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis. This
implies that high school, college and post graduate respondents reveal
unequal level of awareness on the ill effects of radiation in terms of
the ill effects of radiation on the environment.
The
overall result reveals that high school and college manifested moderate
level of awareness with mean score of 3.16 and 3.40 respectively. Post
graduates manifested high level of awareness with a mean score of
3.80. The F computed value is 8.671 with the P value of
0.00 which is lower than 0.05 level of significance. The result is
significant in the acceptance of the hypothesis. This implies that high
school, college and post graduate respondents reveal unequal level of
awareness on the ill effects of radiation in terms both in health and
environment when they are grouped by educational attainment.
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