Based on studies, about 4,800 babies
born each year have one out of seven critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs)
in the United States.
Listed is the seven defects
classified as critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs): hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary
atresia (with intact septum), tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary
venous return, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia, and
truncus arteriosus.
Babies with one these CCHDs are at
significant risk for death or disability if their heart defect is not diagnosed
and treated soon after birth. The good news is, these heart defects among some
babies can be potentially detected using pulse oximetry screening.
Pulse oximetry newborn screening can
detect some infants with a CCHD before they show any signs. Once identified,
babies with a CCHD can be seen by cardiologists and can receive specialized
care and treatment, which may include medications and surgery, and could
prevent death or disability early in life.
The procedure called pulse oximetry
is a simple bedside test to determine the amount of oxygen in a baby's blood
and the baby's pulse rate. Low levels of oxygen in the blood can be a sign of a
CCHD. The test is done using a machine called a pulse oximeter, with sensors
placed on the baby's skin. The test is painless and takes only a few minutes.
Screening is done when a baby is 24
to 48 hours of age. If the baby is to be discharged from the hospital before he
or she is 24 hours of age, screening should be done as late as possible before
discharge.
The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) Secretary's Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and
Children (SACHDNC).
SACHDNC was authorized by Congress
to provide guidance to the HHS Secretary about which conditions should be
included in newborn and childhood screening programs. SACHDNC also advises the
Secretary on how systems should be developed to ensure that all newborns and
children are screened and, when necessary, receive appropriate follow-up care.
SACHDNC recommended that the HHS
Secretary add pulse oximetry screening for CCHDs to the Recommended Uniform
Screening Panel.
In September 2011, HHS Secretary
Sebelius approved adding screening for CCHDs to the Recommended Uniform
Screening Panel and outlined specific tasks assigned to National Institutes of
Health (NIH), CDC, and Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).
Reference: www.cdc.gov
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